39－Am I All Right
句子结构分析：
1. While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so.
1. 主从句结构
- 主句：he asked his doctor... but the doctor refused to do so.
- 时间状语从句：While John Gilbert was in hospital（当约翰·吉尔伯特住院时）
2. 主句部分
(1) 第一部分：he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful
- 主语：he (John Gilbert)
- 谓语：asked
- 宾语：his doctor
- 宾语补足语（不定式结构）：to tell him whether his operation had been successful
- tell him（告诉他）
- whether 引导的宾语从句：whether his operation had been successful（他的手术是否成功）
- 时态：过去完成时 (had been)，表示手术的成功与否是在“asked”之前发生的。
(2) 第二部分：but the doctor refused to do so
- but 表示转折
- 主语：the doctor
- 谓语：refused
- 宾语（不定式结构）：to do so
- do so = tell him whether the operation had been successful（避免重复）
语法重点解析：
-
While 引导时间状语从句
- 表示“在……期间”，强调主句动作发生在从句动作的背景下。
- 例：While I was studying, my brother was playing games.
-
ask sb. to do sth. 结构
- asked his doctor to tell him...（请求医生告诉他……）
- 类似结构：tell/order/advise sb. to do sth.
-
whether 引导宾语从句
- 表示“是否”，相当于 if（但更正式，可用于所有句式）。
- 例：I wonder whether/if she will come.
-
过去完成时 (had been successful)
- 表示“ 过去的过去”，即手术的成功与否发生在“asked”之前。
- 例：He said he had finished his work.
-
refused to do so
- do so 替代前文的 tell him whether...，避免重复。
- 类似用法：He promised to help, but he failed to do so.
句子翻译：
"当约翰·吉尔伯特住院时，他请求医生告诉他手术是否成功，但医生拒绝这样做。"
常见错误纠正：
❌ He asked his doctor that if his operation was successful.（错误）
✅ 正确表达：
- He asked his doctor whether/if his operation had been successful.
- He asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful.
❌ The doctor refused doing so.（错误，refuse 后接 to do）
✅ 正确表达：The doctor refused to do so.
总结
这个句子包含：
- 时间状语从句（While...）
- 主句（asked... refused...）
- 不定式结构（to tell him... to do so）
- whether 引导的宾语从句
- 过去完成时（had been）
2. "He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home, and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks."
1. 并列复合句（Compound-Complex Sentence）
该句由 两个主句 通过 并列连词 "and" 连接，且每个主句都包含一个 宾语从句。
2. 第一主句：He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home
- 主语：He
- 谓语：asked
- 宾语从句：when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home（吉尔伯特先生何时可以出院）
- 引导词：when（疑问副词，引导间接问句）
- 时态：过去将来时（would be allowed），表示从过去的角度看未来的可能性。
3. 第二主句：the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks
- 主语：the doctor
- 谓语：told
- 间接宾语：him
- 直接宾语（宾语从句）：that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks（他还得再住院两周）
- 引导词：that（可省略，但在此句中保留以增强清晰度）
- 时态：过去将来时（would have to），表示医生在过去做出的未来判断。
语法重点解析：
-
间接问句（Indirect Question）
- 直接问句："When will Mr. Gilbert be allowed to go home?"
- 间接问句：He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home.
- 规则：
- 疑问词（when/where/how等）保留，但语序变为陈述句语序（主语+谓语）。
- 时态需与主句一致（主句过去时，从句用 would 表示将来）。
-
过去将来时（Would + 动词原形）
- 表示从过去某个时间点看将来的动作。
- 例：
- She said she would call me.（她说她会打给我。）
- The doctor said he would recover soon.（医生说他很快就会康复。）
-
"Would have to" 的用法
- "Would have to" = "would need to"（必须，不得不），语气比 "should" 更强。
- 例：He knew he would have to work harder.（他知道他必须更努力。）
-
并列句结构（and 连接两个独立主句）
- 两个主句逻辑连贯，"asked" 和 "told" 形成问答关系。
句子翻译：
"接着，他问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以出院，医生告诉他，他还得再住院两周。"
常见错误纠正：
❌ He asked when would Mr. Gilbert be allowed to go home.（错误，间接问句不能用疑问语序）
✅ 正确表达：He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home.
❌ The doctor told him he must stay in hospital...（语法正确，但 must 在间接引语中通常改为 would have to）
✅ 更自然的表达：The doctor told him he would have to stay in hospital...
总结
- 并列复合句：由 and 连接两个主句，每个主句含宾语从句。
- 间接问句：when... would be allowed（陈述句语序）。
- 过去将来时：would be allowed / would have to。
- 固定搭配："be allowed to"（被允许）、"have to"（必须）。