04-An Exciting Trip
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本文出现的语法知识
一、同位语
同位语的作用:
提供额外的信息,使句子更加清晰。
同位语的特点:
- 一般紧跟被解释的名词(如上句中的 brother、Alice Springs)。
- 非限制性同位语通常用逗号隔开(即可以省略,而不影响句子主要意思)。
- 限制性同位语不加逗号(如果去掉,就会影响理解)。
- I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.(Tim为 brother 的同位语)
- He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
这里的逗号表明 “a small town in the centre of Australia” 是额外信息,并非句子主干内容,如果去掉,句子依然完整。
二、a great number of
"a great number of" 意为 "大量的,许多的",用于修饰 可数名词复数,表示数量多。
✅ 示例:
- A great number of students attended the lecture.(大量学生参加了讲座。)
- There are a great number of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。)
- A great number of tourists visit this city every year.(每年有大量游客访问这座城市。)
⚠ 注意:
- "a great number of" 只能用于可数名词的复数,不能用于不可数名词。
- 谓语动词要与复数主语保持一致,使用复数形式。
1. 近义词扩展
| 短语 | 适用名词 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| a great number of | 可数名词复数 | 大量的 | A great number of students are in the hall. |
| a large number of | 可数名词复数 | 大量的 | A large number of books are available. |
| a vast number of | 可数名词复数 | 非常大量的 | A vast number of birds migrate every year. |
| a considerable number of | 可数名词复数 | 相当数量的 | A considerable number of changes have been made. |
| numerous | 可数名词复数 | 许多的,大量的 | Numerous examples can be found in the text. |
2. "a great number of" vs. "a lot of" vs. "plenty of"
| 表达 | 适用对象 | 语境 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| a great number of | 可数名词复数 | 正式 | A great number of employees attended the meeting. |
| a large number of | 可数名词复数 | 正式 | A large number of applicants applied for the job. |
| a lot of | 可数 & 不可数 | 口语化 | A lot of people came to the party. / A lot of water was wasted. |
| plenty of | 可数 & 不可数 | 口语化,带有“足够多”或“充足” 之意 | Plenty of students joined the club. / Plenty of time is left. |
- 正式场合 → 用 "a great number of" / "a large number of"。
- 日常口语 → 用 "a lot of" / "plenty of"。
✅ 总结:
- "a great number of" / "a large number of" → 最常见的表达。
- "a vast number of" → 更强调“极大量”。
- "a considerable number of" → 表示“相当多,但不至于极多”。
- "numerous" → 更简洁,书面用语,可直接替换 "a great number of"。
- 在正式语境中使用 "a great number of",在口语中可用 "a lot of"。
三、soon
"Soon" 是一个 副词,表示 “很快”、“不久”,用于描述某个事件或动作将在短时间内发生。以下是 "soon" 的常见用法、句型搭配及注意事项:
1. "Soon" 的常见搭配
(1) 与助动词搭配
-
will/shall + soon:表示未来即将发生
👉 I will call you soon.(我很快会给你打电话。)
👉 She shall return soon.(她很快就会回来。) -
have to + soon:表示必须尽快做某事
👉 We have to leave soon.(我们必须尽快离开。)
(2) 与比较级搭配
-
sooner or later:迟早,总有一天
👉 You will understand it sooner or later.(你迟早会明白的。) -
the sooner, the better:越快越好
👉 The sooner we start, the better.(我们越快开始越好。)
(3) 与 "how" 搭配
- How soon...?(多久之后?)
👉 How soon will he be back?(他多久之后会回来?)
👉 How soon can we start?(我们多久之后可以开始?)
(4) 与否定词搭配
- not soon:不会很快
👉 He will not recover soon.(他不会很快康复。)
👉 I don’t think we will meet soon.(我不认为我们会很快见面。)
2. "Soon" vs. "Early" 的区别
"Soon" 和 "early" 都表示“时间短”或“尽快”,但用法不同。
| 单词 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| soon | 强调 动作或事件 发生在不久的将来 | He will arrive soon.(他很快会到。) |
| early | 强调 时间点 发生在预期之前 | He arrived early.(他到得很早。) |
🚀 总结:
- soon = "不久后"(时间间隔短),通常用于未来时。
- early = "早"(比预期时间提前),可以用于过去、现在或未来。
3. "Soon" 的一些固定搭配
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| as soon as possible (ASAP) | 尽快 | Reply to my email as soon as possible.(尽快回复我的邮件。) |
| see you soon | 很快再见 | *Bye! See you soon! (再见!很快见!) |
| sooner rather than later | 越快越好 | We need to fix the issue sooner rather than later.(我们需要尽快解决这个问题。) |
4. 近义词替换
虽然 "soon" 很常见,但在不同语境下,我们也可以用其他副词替换它:
| 近义词 | 程度 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| shortly | 时间间隔很短 | The manager will arrive shortly.(经理马上就到。) |
| quickly | 速度快 | He ate his lunch quickly.(他很快吃完了午餐。) |
| immediately | 立即 | Please respond immediately.(请立即回复。) |
| promptly | 迅速地 | The train departed promptly at 7 AM.(火车7点准时出发。) |
5. 总结
- "Soon" 表示不久之后,即将发生的动作,可以放在句首、句中或句尾。
- 常用于 助动词 will/shall、比较级、否定句、疑问句(How soon...?) 结构中。
- "Soon" ≠ "Early","soon" 侧重 即将发生,"early" 侧重 时间点提前。
- 可以用 shortly, immediately, quickly, promptly 等副词代替 "soon"。
四、has/have never been
表示某人或某物从过去到现在一直没有经历过某种状态或情况。
- He has never been so happy.(他从未如此开心。)
- This place has never been so crowded before.(这个地方以前从未如此拥挤。)
"has never been" 的常见搭配
(1) has never been to + 地点(从未去过某地)
- 👉 He has never been to the USA.(他从未去过美国。)
- 👉 They have never been to a foreign country.(他们从未去过外国。)
(2) has never been + 形容词(从未处于某种状态)
- 👉 She has never been so tired.(她从未如此疲惫。)
- 👉 This city has never been this quiet.(这座城市从未如此安静。)
(3) has never been + 过去分词(某事从未被做过)
- 👉 This book has never been published.(这本书从未被出版。)
- 👉 The building has never been renovated.(这栋楼从未被翻新。)
(4) has never been better / worse(从未更好/更糟)
- 👉 I have never been better.(我从未感觉更好过。)
- 👉 Our team has never been worse.(我们的团队从未更糟糕过。)
五、he is finding this trip very exciting
1. 句子成分分析
| 成分 | 单词/短语 | 解释 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 (S) | He | 句子的主体,指代“他” |
| 谓语 (V) | is finding | 现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作 |
| 宾语 (O) | this trip | 动词 finding 的直接宾语,指“这次旅行” |
| 宾语补足语 (OC) | very exciting | 补充说明 this trip,表示“令人兴奋” |
2. 语法结构
这句话采用了 "find + 宾语 + 宾补" 的句型。
(1) find + 宾语 + 形容词(宾补)
- find 在这里的意思是 “认为/觉得”,后面可以接宾语 + 形容词补语:
- I find the movie interesting.(我觉得这部电影很有趣。)
- She finds the book boring.(她觉得这本书很无聊。)
(2) 现在进行时
- is finding 是 现在进行时(be + v-ing),表明这个“发现/感受”的过程正在进行中。
- 在日常口语中,find 通常是一般现在时(He finds this trip exciting.),但在这里用 进行时表示一种逐渐加深的体验或感受,比如:
- He is finding the course quite challenging.(他渐渐觉得这门课程很有挑战性。)
- I’m finding this book really helpful.(我越来越觉得这本书很有帮助。)