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5. 完成进行时态

完成进行时态结合了“完成”和“进行”的特点，表示某个动作从过去某一时间开始，并一直持续到另一时间，可能仍在进行或刚刚完成。
核心结构：助动词 have/has/had + been + 动词现在分词（V-ing）。

一、现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous Tense）​

1. 定义与结构​

现在完成进行时表示某个动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还在继续，或者刚刚结束。
结构：

  • 肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词 + 其他？

2. 主要用法​

  1. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并可能继续：
    • She has been reading for two hours.
      她已经读书两小时了。
  2. 强调动作持续的时间：
    • I have been working here since 2015.
      我从2015年开始就在这里工作。
  3. 表示最近完成并对现在有影响的持续动作：
    • They have been running, so they are tired.
      他们刚跑完步，所以很累。

3. 常见时间状语​

  • For + 时间段, since + 时间点, all day, all morning, recently, lately, etc.

4. 示例句​

第一人称：

  1. I have been learning English for five years. （我学英语已经五年了。）
  2. I have not been learning English for five years. （我学英语还没有五年。）
  3. Have I been learning English for five years? （我学英语已经五年了吗？）

第三人称单数：

  1. She has been writing a novel since last month. （她从上个月开始一直在写一本小说。）
  2. She has not been writing a novel since last month. （她从上个月开始就没有写小说。）
  3. Has she been writing a novel since last month? （她从上个月开始一直在写小说吗？）

第三人称复数：

  1. They have been watching TV for three hours. （他们已经看了三个小时的电视了。）
  2. They have not been watching TV for three hours. （他们没有看三个小时的电视。）
  3. Have they been watching TV for three hours? （他们看了三个小时的电视吗？）

二、过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous Tense）​

1. 定义与结构​

过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作，该动作可能持续到那个时间点，也可能刚刚结束。
结构：

  • 肯定句：主语 + had + been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 否定句：主语 + had + not + been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词 + 其他？

2. 主要用法​

  1. 表示过去某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作：
    • She had been studying for three hours before the exam.
      考试前她已经学习了三个小时。
  2. 表示过去某一时间之前的原因或背景：
    • He was tired because he had been working all day.
      他很累，因为他整天都在工作。
  3. 强调动作的持续性：
    • They had been waiting for a long time before the train arrived.
      火车到达前，他们已经等了很久。

3. 常见时间状语​

  • For + 时间段, since + 时间点, before, by the time, when, etc.

4. 示例句​

第一人称：

  1. I had been preparing for the meeting all morning. （整个上午我都在准备会议。）
  2. I had not been preparing for the meeting all morning. （整个上午我没有在准备会议。）
  3. Had I been preparing for the meeting all morning? （整个上午我都在准备会议吗？）

第三人称单数：

  1. He had been running for an hour before it started raining. （下雨前他已经跑了一个小时。）
  2. He had not been running for an hour before it started raining. （下雨前他并没有跑了一个小时。）
  3. Had he been running for an hour before it started raining? （下雨前他已经跑了一个小时吗？）

第三人称复数：

  1. They had been living in the same house for ten years before they moved. （搬家前他们已经在同一所房子里住了十年。）
  2. They had not been living in the same house for ten years before they moved. （搬家前他们并没有在同一所房子里住十年。）
  3. Had they been living in the same house for ten years before they moved? （搬家前他们已经在同一所房子里住了十年吗？）

三、将来完成进行时（Future Perfect Continuous Tense）​

1. 定义与结构​

将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时间之前，某个动作已经持续了一段时间。
结构：

  • 肯定句：主语 + will have been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 否定句：主语 + will not have been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 疑问句：Will + 主语 + have been + 动词现在分词 + 其他？

2. 主要用法​

  1. 表示在将来某一时间之前已经持续了一段时间的动作：
    • By next year, I will have been working here for ten years.
      到明年，我将在这里工作十年。
  2. 表示将来某一时间之前的持续性状态：
    • By the time you arrive, she will have been waiting for an hour.
      等你到达时，她已经等了一个小时了。

3. 常见时间状语​

  • By + 时间点, for + 时间段, by the time, before, etc.

4. 示例句​

第一人称：

  1. I will have been studying for five hours by the time you call me. （到你给我打电话时，我已经学习五个小时了。）
  2. I will not have been studying for five hours by the time you call me. （到你给我打电话时，我不会学习五个小时。）
  3. Will I have been studying for five hours by the time you call me? （到你给我打电话时，我会学习五个小时吗？）

第三人称单数：

  1. She will have been sleeping for two hours by midnight. （到午夜时，她已经睡了两个小时了。）
  2. She will not have been sleeping for two hours by midnight. （到午夜时，她不会睡两个小时。）
  3. Will she have been sleeping for two hours by midnight? （到午夜时，她会睡两个小时吗？）

第三人称复数：

  1. They will have been traveling for a week by the time they reach London. （到达伦敦时，他们已经旅行了一周了。）
  2. They will not have been traveling for a week by the time they reach London. （到达伦敦时，他们不会旅行一周。）
  3. Will they have been traveling for a week by the time they reach London? （到达伦敦时，他们会旅行一周吗？）

四、过去将来完成进行时（Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense）​

1. 定义与结构​

过去将来完成进行时表示从过去的某一时间点看，一个动作到某一将来的时间点之前已经持续了一段时间。
结构：

  • 肯定句：主语 + would have been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 否定句：主语 + would not have been + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
  • 疑问句：Would + 主语 + have been + 动词现在分词 + 其他？

2. 主要用法​

  1. 表示从过去的时间点看，未来某一时间之前已经持续的动作：
    • By 10 PM, he would have been working for 8 hours.
      到晚上10点，他已经工作了8个小时。
  2. 表示从过去的角度看未来的假设性持续动作：
    • She would have been studying for three hours if you hadn't interrupted her.
      如果你没有打扰她，她本会学习三个小时。

3. 常见时间状语​

  • By + 时间点, for + 时间段, before, if, etc.

4. 示例句​

第一人称：

  1. I would have been reading for two hours by the time you arrived. （到你到达时，我本会读书两个小时了。）
  2. I would not have been reading for two hours by the time you arrived. （到你到达时，我本不会读书两个小时了。）
  3. Would I have been reading for two hours by the time you arrived? （到你到达时，我本会读书两个小时了吗？）

第三人称单数：

  1. He would have been playing football for an hour by 5 PM. （到下午5点，他本会踢一个小时的足球了。）
  2. He would not have been playing football for an hour by 5 PM. （到下午5点，他本不会踢一个小时的足球了。）
  3. Would he have been playing football for an hour by 5 PM? （到下午5点，他本会踢一个小时的足球了吗？）

第三人称复数：

  1. They would have been traveling for a month by the time they returned home. （到他们回家时，他们本会旅行一个月了。）
  2. They would not have been traveling for a month by the time they returned home. （到他们回家时，他们本不会旅行一个月了。）
  3. Would they have been traveling for a month by the time they returned home? （到他们回家时，他们本会旅行一个月了吗？）