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3. 进行时态

进行时态表示某个时间点正在进行的动作,或某个时间段内发生的动作。进行时态的核心特征是动词的 现在分词(动词+ing),常与 be 动词 搭配使用。


一、现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense)

1. 定义与结构

现在进行时表示说话时正在发生的动作或当前一段时间内正在进行的事情。
结构

  • 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?

2. 主要用法

  1. 表示此刻正在进行的动作:
    • She is reading a book now.
      她正在读一本书。
  2. 表示当前一段时间内的动作:
    • I am working on a project these days.
      最近我正在做一个项目。
  3. 表示已确定的未来计划:
    • We are leaving for New York tomorrow.
      我们明天要去纽约。

3. 常见时间状语

  • Now, at the moment, currently, these days, tonight, tomorrow, etc.

4. 示例句

第一人称

  1. I am watching TV now. (我现在正在看电视。)
  2. I am not watching TV now. (我现在没有在看电视。)
  3. Am I watching TV now? (我现在正在看电视吗?)

第三人称单数

  1. He is playing basketball. (他正在打篮球。)
  2. He is not playing basketball. (他没有在打篮球。)
  3. Is he playing basketball? (他正在打篮球吗?)

第三人称复数

  1. They are having dinner at the moment. (他们正在吃晚饭。)
  2. They are not having dinner at the moment. (他们没有在吃晚饭。)
  3. Are they having dinner at the moment? (他们正在吃晚饭吗?)

二、过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)

1. 定义与结构

过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,或某一时间段内的持续动作。
结构

  • 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?

2. 主要用法

  1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作:

    • I was reading a book at 8 PM yesterday.
      昨天晚上8点我正在读书。
  2. 表示过去某段时间持续进行的动作:

    • They were watching TV all afternoon.
      他们整个下午都在看电视。
    • While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
  3. 表示过去被打断的动作:

    • She was cooking when I called her.
      我打电话给她的时候,她正在做饭。

3. 常见时间状语

  • At that time, at 8 PM yesterday, the whole day, when, while, etc.

4. 示例句

第一人称

  1. I was reading a book yesterday evening. (昨天晚上我在读一本书。)
  2. I was not reading a book yesterday evening. (昨天晚上我没有在读书。)
  3. Was I reading a book yesterday evening? (昨天晚上我在读书吗?)

第三人称单数

  1. She was singing when it started to rain. (开始下雨时,她正在唱歌。)
  2. She was not singing when it started to rain. (开始下雨时,她没有在唱歌。)
  3. Was she singing when it started to rain? (开始下雨时,她正在唱歌吗?)

第三人称复数

  1. They were playing football at 3 PM. (他们下午3点正在踢足球。)
  2. They were not playing football at 3 PM. (他们下午3点没有在踢足球。)
  3. Were they playing football at 3 PM? (他们下午3点正在踢足球吗?)

三、将来进行时(Future Continuous Tense)

1. 定义与结构

将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或某一段时间内持续进行的动作。
结构

  • 肯定句:主语 + will be + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 否定句:主语 + will not be + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 疑问句:Will + 主语 + be + 动词-ing + 其他?

2. 主要用法

  1. 表示将来某时正在进行的动作:
    • I will be studying at 10 PM tomorrow.
      明天晚上10点我将会在学习。
  2. 表示将来某段时间持续进行的动作:
    • They will be working on the project next week.
      下周他们会一直忙于这个项目。
  3. 表示礼貌地询问或强调未来的安排:
    • Will you be joining us for dinner?
      你会加入我们一起吃晚饭吗?

3. 常见时间状语

  • Tomorrow, next week, at this time tomorrow, in the future, etc.

4. 示例句

第一人称

  1. I will be watching TV at 9 PM. (我将在晚上9点看电视。)
  2. I will not be watching TV at 9 PM. (我在晚上9点不会看电视。)
  3. Will I be watching TV at 9 PM? (我在晚上9点会看电视吗?)

第三人称单数

  1. He will be working on his project this evening. (今晚他将会忙于他的项目。)
  2. He will not be working on his project this evening. (今晚他不会忙于他的项目。)
  3. Will he be working on his project this evening? (今晚他会忙于他的项目吗?)

第三人称复数

  1. They will be traveling to Paris next week. (他们下周将会去巴黎旅行。)
  2. They will not be traveling to Paris next week. (他们下周不会去巴黎旅行。)
  3. Will they be traveling to Paris next week? (他们下周会去巴黎旅行吗?)

四、过去将来进行时(Past Future Continuous Tense)

1. 定义与结构

过去将来进行时表示从过去的时间看未来某一时间正在进行的动作。
结构

  • 肯定句:主语 + would be + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 否定句:主语 + would not be + 动词-ing + 其他。
  • 疑问句:Would + 主语 + be + 动词-ing + 其他?

2. 主要用法

  1. 表示过去某一时间对将来某一时间动作的推测:
    • I thought I would be traveling to Japan at this time.
      我以为这时候我会在日本旅行。
  2. 表示过去对未来一段时间内正在发生的动作的计划:
    • She said she would be studying in the evening.
      她说她晚上会在学习。

3. 示例句

第一人称

  1. I would be reading a book if I were at home. (如果我在家,我会在读书。)
  2. I would not be reading a book if I were at home. (如果我在家,我不会在读书。)
  3. Would I be reading a book if I were at home? (如果我在家,我会在读书吗?)

第三人称单数

  1. He would be working on his project tomorrow if he were not sick. (如果他没生病,他明天会在忙于他的项目。)
  2. He would not be working on his project tomorrow if he were not sick. (如果他没生病,他明天不会忙于他的项目。)
  3. Would he be working on his project tomorrow if he were not sick? (如果他没生病,他明天会忙于他的项目吗?)

第三人称复数

  1. They would be watching a movie now if they were free. (如果他们有空,他们现在会在看电影。)
  2. They would not be watching a movie now if they were free. (如果他们有空,他们现在不会在看电影。)
  3. Would they be watching a movie now if they were free? (如果他们有空,他们现在会在看电影吗?)